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(Guitar, singer-songwriter, b. 1934) Despite a humble vocal endowment, this acclaimed Canadian poet and novelist moved to the States in his mid-30s to make his first essay as a recording artist with 1968’s sparsely arranged and all-acoustic Songs Of Leonard Cohen, which included the much-covered ‘Bird On A Wire’. Reaching out to self-doubting adolescent diarists, it ...

Source: The Definitive Illustrated Encyclopedia of Rock, general editor Michael Heatley

1694–1744, Italian Leo was born near Brindisi, studied music in Naples at the Conservatorio San Maria della Pietà dei Turchini, and spent most of the rest of his life in the city. He held various organist and church music positions, and his first opera, Il pisistrato (1714), was staged before he was 20 years old. In ...

Source: Definitive Opera Encyclopedia, founding editor Stanley Sadie

c. 1696–1730, Italian Vinci studied at the Conservatorio dei Poveri di Gesù Cristo in Naples between 1708 and 1718, and afterwards made his operatic debut with Lo cecato fauzo (‘The False Blind Man’, 1719). He proceeded to dominate operatic life in Naples, and his Li zite ’ngalera (‘The Lovers on the Galley’, 1722) is the earliest extant comic ...

Source: Definitive Opera Encyclopedia, founding editor Stanley Sadie

1918–90, American A hugely talented composer and conductor, Bernstein inspired the American music scene with his passion and flamboyance. Born in Massachusetts and essentially self-taught on the piano, he studied at Harvard and became an overnight sensation when stepping in for ailing New York Philharmonic conductor Bruno Walter in November 1943. Success as a composer followed, ranging ...

Source: Definitive Opera Encyclopedia, founding editor Stanley Sadie

1911–60, American Possessing a voice of exceptional ability, Warren was one of America’s greatest opera stars. His voice eclipsed his contemporaries; he was the only dramatic baritone able to sing an open high C. Among his best performances were those in Verdi’s Il trovatore, Rigoletto, La traviata, Un ballo in maschera and Macbeth. He collapsed onstage ...

Source: Definitive Opera Encyclopedia, founding editor Stanley Sadie

1918–90 American composer and conductor Bernstein studied at Harvard and the Curtis Institute and became a protegé of Koussevitzky during summers spent at Tanglewood. His conducting break came in 1943, when the New York Philharmonic asked him to step in after its guest conductor was taken ill. The following year, still in his twenties, Bernstein wrote a successful Broadway ...

Source: Classical Music Encyclopedia, founding editor Stanley Sadie

(Guitar, singer-songwriter, 1966–97) Son of singer-songwriter Tim, Jeff Buckley possessed an astonishing vocal range, emotional capacity and genuine songwriting talent. His mini album Live At Sin-e (1992) was the signpost to the classic debut Grace (1994). As well as stellar original material like ‘Last Goodbye’, Buckley delivered the definitive cover of Leonard Cohen’s ‘Hallelujah’. Sessions for an ...

Source: The Definitive Illustrated Encyclopedia of Rock, general editor Michael Heatley

(Vocals, b. 1944) A UK Top 50 entry with 1968’s self-penned ‘Marjorine’ prefaced a sweaty and chart-topping overhaul of The Beatles’ ‘With A Little Help From My Friends’. This domestic success was not repeated in North America. Nevertheless, he became a bigger star there following a show-stealing performance at Woodstock (1969) and hit revivals in 1970 of The Beatles’ ...

Source: The Definitive Illustrated Encyclopedia of Rock, general editor Michael Heatley

(Singer-songwriter b. 1957) Nick Cave (vocals) began his fascinating career in Boys Next Door, who became The Birthday Party: Mick Harvey (guitar), Tracy Pew (bass), Phil Calvert (drums). A gothic, blues punk band of fearsome intensity, showcasing Cave’s brutal, Captain Beefheart-style lyrics, they released three albums, 1981’s Prayers On Fire being the pick. 1982’s Junkyard ...

Source: The Definitive Illustrated Encyclopedia of Rock, general editor Michael Heatley

Belleville is a small town in downstate Illinois, south-east of St. Louis. Like a lot of mid-western towns, it was hit hard in the 1980s by the twin whammy of closing factories and faltering family farms. If punk-rock is the sound of factories and if country music is the sound of farms, it makes sense that a successful ...

Source: The Definitive Illustrated Encyclopedia of Country Music, consultant editor Bob Allen

The term ‘singer-songwriter’ tends to be applied to the kind of introspective, socially conscious artist who – in the wake of the folk-inspired movement that was kick-started by Bob Dylan in the early 1960s before peaking in the next decade – performs in a direct yet reflective manner, emphasizing the song’s message over style or calibre of presentation. This is ...

Source: The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Music, general editor Paul Du Noyer

In 1880 a meeting was held between a group of wealthy businessmen in New York. Their uniting cause was the limited number of box seats available at the Academy of Music, the city’s primary venue for opera. The solution they posited was to build an entirely new opera house. A design was commissioned from J. Cleaveland Cady that included boxes ...

Source: Definitive Opera Encyclopedia, founding editor Stanley Sadie

Sound effects and instruments trouvés include found objects and specialist machines for making noises. Composers have made extensive use of both sound effects and found objects in orchestral music, especially in music for theatre, dance and opera. Sound Effects The wind machine was originally a theatrical sound effect, and is a cylinder of wooden slats with a canvas ...

Source: The Illustrated Complete Musical Instruments Handbook, general editor Lucien Jenkins

The first African slaves arrived in America in 1619 and brought their music with them. From then until the Civil War of 1861–65, the music both fascinated and frightened the white slave owners who would flock to see the black people celebrating their weekly ‘day off’ in New Orleans’s Congo Square. At the same time, slave owners suppressed the ...

Source: The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Music, general editor Paul Du Noyer

European culture lay in ruins after the end of World War II. There were many who, in company with the philosopher Theodor Adorno, felt that Nazi atrocities such as Auschwitz rendered art impossible, at least temporarily. Others, though, felt that humanity could only establish itself anew by rediscovering the potency of art, including opera. On ...

Source: Classical Music Encyclopedia, founding editor Stanley Sadie
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An extensive music information resource, bringing together the talents and expertise of a wide range of editors and musicologists, including Stanley Sadie, Charles Wilson, Paul Du Noyer, Tony Byworth, Bob Allen, Howard Mandel, Cliff Douse, William Schafer, John Wilson...

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